Comprehensive dietary antioxidant index and chronic kidney disease: mediating role of frailty and its impact on mortality outcomes in adults

Comprehensive Dietary Antioxidant Index is inversely associated with CKD risk, partially mediated by FI. Dietary antioxidant intake, particularly vitamins C and E, may improve outcomes in CKD populations, especially those with frailty. These findings highlight the potential of nutritional interventions to mitigate CKD progression and mortality. Further randomized trials are needed to confirm causality and optimize dietary strategies for high-risk groups.