A BDI Task-oriented Agent in Belief Space

Building conversational agents to help humans in domain-specific tasks is challenging since the agent needs to understand the natural language and act over it while accessing domain expert knowledge. Modern natural language processing techniques led to an expansion of conversational agents, with recent pretrained language models achieving increasingly accurate language recognition results using ever-larger open datasets. However, the black-box nature of such pretrained language models obscures the agent's reasoning and its motivations when responding, leading to unexplained dialogues. In this work, we develop a belief-desire-intention (BDI) agent as a task-oriented dialogue system to introduce mental attitudes similar to humans describing their behavior during a dialogue. We compare the BDI model with pipeline task-oriented dialogue system architecture by leveraging existing components from dialogue systems and developing the agent's intention selection as a dialogue policy. We show that combining traditional agent modelling approaches, such as BDI, with more recent learning techniques can result in efficient and scrutable dialogue systems.