Socioeconomic Inequalities in Diarrhea Prevention and Treatment in East Africa

Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five in East Africa, with socioeconomic inequalities significantly influencing prevention and treatment outcomes. This review examines how disparities in household income, maternal education, living conditions, and access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure contribute to uneven diarrhea burdens across the East African Community countries. Despite some improvements in treatment access, particularly in Uganda, children from low-income and marginalized communities continue to face higher risks due to inadequate environmental conditions and limited healthcare services. The review highlights systemic barriers perpetuating these inequalities, including poor infrastructure, low health literacy, and fragmented health systems. It evaluates integrated interventions such as community-led sanitation, maternal education, and health system reforms that have demonstrated potential in narrowing equity gaps. Recommendations emphasize prioritizing disadvantaged populations through infrastructure investments, targeted education, expanded WASH-health programs, and equity-focused monitoring to achieve more inclusive and sustainable diarrhea prevention and treatment in the region. Keywords: Diarrheal diseases, socioeconomic inequalities, East Africa, child health, maternal education