Research Progress of 3D Imaging Diagnosis of Tooth Fracture Based on CBCT

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has emerged as a pivotal imaging modality in dentistry, offering three-dimensional visualization with high spatial resolution and flexible parameter settings. Compared with conventional two-dimensional radiographs, CBCT enables detailed assessment of tooth fractures by optimizing voxel size, field of view, and exposure parameters, thereby balancing diagnostic precision with radiation safety. Iterative reconstruction and deep learning-based algorithms further enhance image quality, suppress artifacts, and improve the visualization of subtle fracture lines. Clinically, CBCT provides valuable diagnostic insights for crown fractures, root fractures, cracked teeth, and vertical root fractures, particularly when traditional radiographs are insufficient. It allows accurate evaluation of fracture depth, orientation, and anatomical relationships, while also supporting treatment planning in oral surgery, implantology, and orthodontics. Integration with artificial intelligence holds promise for automated crack detection, image enhancement, and workflow digitalization, significantly reducing operator dependence and diagnostic variability. This review aims to summarize the application value and technical advantages of CBCT in diagnosing various types of tooth fractures, to discuss advances in parameter optimization, artifact reduction, and AI-assisted analysis, and to highlight its limitations and future directions toward standardized and precise clinical practice.