Market Impacts of New Energy Policies: Prices, Competition, and Consumer Adoption

Since 2019, many countries have made stronger energy transition policies: fiscal incentives, renewable portfolio standards (RPS), emissions trading (ETS), and big investments in power grids and Electric Vehicles (EV) charging. These policies work together. They shift investment to low-carbon projects, change the power mix, and change how prices form and how people adopt new technologies. Thia study utilizes three sources: the EIA's 2024 U.S. wholesale power data, the IEA's Global EV Outlook 2024, and a U.S. DOE report on vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. Thia study reports three results. First, U.S. wholesale electricity prices in 2024 were lower and less volatile than in 20222023, and solar and wind output went up. Second, public charging infrastructure expanded, and the United States moved from more than 180,000 chargers toward a 500,000 target by 2030. Third, global EV sales were about 14 million in 2023 (about 18%) and may reach about 17 million in 2024. This paper provides relevant suggestions for the development of the new energy industry.