The First Radio-bright Off-nuclear Tidal Disruption Event AT 2024tvd Reveals the Fastest-evolving Double-peaked Radio Emission

Abstract We present the first multiepoch broadband radio and millimeter monitoring of an off-nuclear tidal disruption event (TDE) using the Very Large Array, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Allen Telescope Array, the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Large Array, and the Submillimeter Array. The off-nuclear TDE AT 2024tvd exhibits double-peaked radio light curves and the fastest-evolving radio emission observed from a TDE to date. With respect to the optical discovery date, the first radio flare rises faster than F ν ∼ t 9 at Δ t = 88–131 days and then decays as fast as F ν ∼ t −6 . The emergence of a second radio flare is observed at Δ t ≈ 194 days with an initial fast rise of F ν ∼ t 18 and an optically thin decline of F ν ∼ t −12 . We interpret these observations in the context of a self-absorbed and free–free absorbed synchrotron spectrum, while accounting for both synchrotron and inverse Compton cooling. We find that a single prompt outflow cannot easily explain these observations and that it is likely that either there is only one outflow that was launched at Δ t ∼ 80 days or there are two distinct outflows, with the second launched at Δ t ∼ 170–190 days. The nature of these outflows, whether sub-, mildly, or ultrarelativistic, is still unclear, and we explore these different scenarios. Finally, we find a temporal coincidence between the launch time of the first radio-emitting outflow and the onset of a power-law component in the X-ray spectrum, attributed to inverse Compton scattering of thermal photons.

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Publication Details

Journal
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Published
2025-10-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae0a26
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
2.31
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The First Radio-bright Off-nuclear Tidal Disruption Event AT 2024tvd Reveals the Fastest-evolving Double-peaked Radio Emission

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The First Radio-bright Off-nuclear Tidal Disruption Event AT 2024tvd Reveals the Fastest-evolving Double-peaked Radio Emission

Erica Hammerstein, A J Goodwin, Walter W. Golay, Sjoert van Velzen, Andrew Siemion, Luigi F. Cruz, Itai Sfaradi, Y. Cendes, Garrett K. Keating, David R. DeBoer, Sofia Z. Sheikh, Collin T. Christy, K. D. Alexander, Yuhan Yao, T. Laskar, Brian D. Metzger, Tarraneh Eftekhari, Wael Farah, Rodolfo Barniol Duran, Ramprasad Rao, Wenbin Lu, Noah Franz, A. Horesh, Joe Bright, E. Berger, R. Chornock, Mark Gurwell, J. C. A. Miller‐Jones, Alexander W. Pollak, Paz Beniamini, R. Margutti, Eli Wiston, Rob Fender, A. J. Nayana, Yirmi Bernstein, Nadav Shoval, David A. Green
article en
2 citations

Abstract

Abstract We present the first multiepoch broadband radio and millimeter monitoring of an off-nuclear tidal disruption event (TDE) using the Very Large Array, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Allen Telescope Array, the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Large Array, and the Submillimeter Array. The off-nuclear TDE AT 2024tvd exhibits double-peaked radio light curves and the fastest-evolving radio emission observed from a TDE to date. With respect to the optical discovery date, the first radio flare rises faster than F ν ∼ t 9 at Δ t = 88–131 days and then decays as fast as F ν ∼ t −6 . The emergence of a second radio flare is observed at Δ t ≈ 194 days with an initial fast rise of F ν ∼ t 18 and an optically thin decline of F ν ∼ t −12 . We interpret these observations in the context of a self-absorbed and free–free absorbed synchrotron spectrum, while accounting for both synchrotron and inverse Compton cooling. We find that a single prompt outflow cannot easily explain these observations and that it is likely that either there is only one outflow that was launched at Δ t ∼ 80 days or there are two distinct outflows, with the second launched at Δ t ∼ 170–190 days. The nature of these outflows, whether sub-, mildly, or ultrarelativistic, is still unclear, and we explore these different scenarios. Finally, we find a temporal coincidence between the launch time of the first radio-emitting outflow and the onset of a power-law component in the X-ray spectrum, attributed to inverse Compton scattering of thermal photons.

The Astrophysical Journal LettersVol. 992(2)
Openalex Percentile: Top 10%
Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
2.31
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