Performance of the prototype Silicon Tracking System of the CBM experiment tested with heavy-ion beams at SIS18

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is a heavy-ion experiment designed to study nuclear matter at the highest baryonic density. For high-statistics measurements of rare probes, collision rates of up to 10 MHz are targeted. The experiment, therefore, requires fast and radiation-hard detectors, self-triggered detector front-ends, free-streaming readout architecture, and online event reconstruction. The Silicon Tracking System (STS) is the main tracking detector of CBM, designed to reconstruct the trajectories of charged particles with efficiency larger than 95%, a relative momentum uncertainty better than 2% for particle momenta larger than 1 GeV/c inside a 1 Tm magnetic field, and to identify complex decay topologies. It comprises 876 double-sided silicon strip modules arranged in 8 tracking stations. A prototype of this detector, consisting of 12 modules arranged in three tracking stations, is installed in the mini-CBM demonstrator. This experimental setup is a small-scale precursor to the full CBM detector, composed of sub-units of all major CBM systems installed on the SIS18 beamline. In various beam campaigns taken between 2021 and 2024, heavy ion collisions at 1–2 AGeV with an average collision rate of 500 kHz have been recorded. This allows for the evaluation of the operational performance of the STS detector, including signal-to-noise ratio, charge distribution, time and position resolution, hit reconstruction efficiency, and its potential for track and vertex reconstruction.

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Journal
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
Published
2025-10-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.171059
Primary Topic
High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
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article
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article

Performance of the prototype Silicon Tracking System of the CBM experiment tested with heavy-ion beams at SIS18

L AHRENS, Dong Han, P. Gasik, Ryszard S. Romaniuk et al.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
article

Performance of the prototype Silicon Tracking System of the CBM experiment tested with heavy-ion beams at SIS18

L AHRENS, Dong Han, P. Gasik, Ryszard S. Romaniuk, R. Lalik, Ashish A. Deshmukh, Shakeel Ahmad Bhat, Arup Bandyopadhyay, I.-K. Yoo, Robin Lakos, A. Dubla, I. Fröhlich, B. Mallick, I. M. Deppner, F. Schintke, Oshin Tyagi, C. Simons, I. Keshelashvili, X. Zhu, О. Kovalchuk, H. Appelshäuser, Ajit Kumar, F. Uhlig, A. Puntke, Qiong Wu, A. Bhasin, V. Kedych, N. I. Podgornov, Philipp Kähler, M. Shiroya, R. Visinka, David L. Smith, D. Schledt, C. Blume, S. Chernyshenko, S. Das, Wilfried Krüger, Masaru Yao, Franz Matejcek, І. Каденко, D. Bertini, N. Herrmann, Nandagopal Bhowmik, P. Staszel, A.M. Marin Garcia, J. Markert, Susanne Gläßel, M. Bajdel, Oliver Keller, Marc Beyer, Partha Pratim Bhaduri, F. Liu, A. Rustamov, A. Rodríguez Rodríguez, O. Lubynets, D. Wielanek, J. Förtsch, M. Dürr, Jiaguang Han, R. Kliemt, Shuang Li, S.K. Prasad, Sayan Mandal, A. Sen, J. Ashley Taylor, Michał Kruszewski, D. Spicker, H.R. Schmidt, Jürgen Becker, L. Kumar, P. Subramani, Anand Sharma, M. Traxler, Y. Li, J. Ritman, M. Deveaux, R. Sahoo, Sheng-Qin Feng, C. Feier-Riesen, K. Późniak, T. Sefzick, Pradip Kumar Sharma, Iaroslav Panasenko, Ekata Nandy, J. Messchendorp, O. Vasylyev, S. Biswas, M. Nabroth, M. D. Azmi, O. Bezshyyko, R. Kłeczek, David Willems, A. Reinefeld, E. A. Volkova, P. Salabura, I. Momot, Sébastien Peter, F. Goldenbaum, I. Lazanu, Y. Mao, S.R. Nayak, P. Fischer, M. Kohn, S. Zharko, Yan Jin, A. Lymanets, M. Kiš, K. Ismail, F. Nerling, M. Teklishyn, F. Fidorra, R. Szczygieł, Sadhan Gope, Dario Alberto Ramirez Zaldivar, Amlan Chakrabarti, Ivan M. Elizarov, E. Rubio, T. Matulewicz, F. Weiglhofer, D. Kresan, O. Ristea, Elise Clerkin, Bruno Busnello Kubiak, K. Piasecki, Suryasikha Samal, E. Lavrik, M.F. Mir, W. Zabołotny, H. Cherif, A. Toia, L. Wahmes, Y. Huang, R. Karabowicz, D. Miskowiec, Maciej Wojtkowski, W. F. J. Müller, Daniel Menéndez, J.M. Heuser, B. Arnoldi-Meadows, Z. Ahammed, M. Cãlin, D. T. Gil, J. Lehnert, F. Simon, Tariq A. Bhat, Shaifali Mehta, J Brzychczyk, K. Schünemann, Tobias Blank, Nafis Ahmad, P. Munkes, M. Lorenz, Kai Sun, S. Chattopadhyay, B. V. Sobol, T. Stockmanns, V.A. Plujko, Kshitij Agarwal, S. Löchner, T. Povar, G. Wolf, Rainer Berendes, Y. Söhngen, Julio Andary, B. K. Singh, C. Pauly, Piotr Otfinowski, G. Gangopadhyay, R. Kapell, A. Kugler, P. Lasko, Ö. Penek, M. Becker, Abhijit Bhattacharyya, Likun Pan, GouthamBala Subramanya, R. Płaneta, Olegario Rodríguez, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko, Vasyl Dobishuk, A. Wieloch, W. Li, F. Roether, W.A. Bhat, I. Kisel, M. Petriş, Nina Greve, M. Caselle, A. Meyer-Ahrens, K. Unger, Krzysztof Kasiński, J. Stroth, Anil Kumar Gupta, P.-A. Loizeau, A. Bercuci, J.P. Wessels, I. Vassiliev, W. Zubrzycka, P. Dahm, F J Nickels, Songsheng Zheng, R. L. Ray, C. Müntz, N. Heine, B. Gutsche, P.K. Sahu, H. Flemming, J. Eschke, P. Chaloupka, A. Senger, H. Darwish, Kathrin Koch, Lukas Faber, O. Bertini, С. Горбунов, Y.H. Leung, Ke‐Jun Wu, A. Opíchal, P. Wintz, Saroj Kumar Sahu, S. Reiter, R. Dvořák, Sara Neuhaus, S. Mahajan, Akhil Mithran, Oleksandr Kshyvanskyi, Yujun Wang, Seulgi Kim, A. Sharma, J. L. Rodriguez, Christian Joachim Schmidt, M. Mohisin Khan, Ranjan Das, Ankhi Roy, Haonan Xu, Weidong Zhou, A. Agarwal, S. S. Shi, B. Singh, N. Alam, Junfeng Yang, K.‐H. Kampert, C. Sturm, X. Luo, Vipul Kashyap, P. Weidenkaff, J. Saini, L.M. Collazo Sánchez, J. de Cuveland, A. Rost, S.S. Sambyal, J. Pietraszko, D. Hutter, V. Singhal, P. Zumbruch, Z. Majka, B. Mohanty, V. Petráček, C. Schiaua, V. Friese, G. Kozlov, L. Radulescu, V. Lindenstruth, U. Frankenfeld, D. Bonaventura, D. Grzonka, C. Höhne, M. Petrovici, S. K. Ghosh, E. Trifonova, M. Al-Turany, J. Pluta, A. Belousov, P. Foka, A. K. Dubey, Ch. Klein-Bösing, Zhongbao Yin, M. Koziel, T. Janson, F. Linz, R. Holzmann, P. Koczoń, T. Galatyuk, M. Pugach, Y. Sun, J. Michel, D. Pfeifer, M. Csanád, Y. Zhou, J. Frühauf, Zhijia Sun, J.F. Diehl, V. Kyva, V. Sidorenko, D. Rodríguez Garcés, S.C. Roy, H. Deppe, V. Pugatch, Ompal Singh, Sibaji Raha, A. Andronic, F. Seck, Chandrasekhar Ghosh, D. Emschermann, P. Senger, A. Wilms, I. Selyuzhenkov, B. Bhattacharjee, M. Balzer, A. Jipa, H. Zbroszczyk, N. Bluhme, Ke Wang, A. Redelbach, O. Suddia, J. Kollarczyk, D. Okropiridze, Eva-dhidho Taka, Gianna Zischka, P. Semeniuk, R. Yang, Diana Deara, Aizat Daribayeva, H. Hesounová, O. Hofman, B. Artur, V.A. Bâsceanu, K. Santos Marrero, K. Scharmann, S.N. Thau, J. Thaufelder, L. Trębacz, A. Twarowska, A. Wyżykowski, G. Boccarella
article en

Abstract

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is a heavy-ion experiment designed to study nuclear matter at the highest baryonic density. For high-statistics measurements of rare probes, collision rates of up to 10 MHz are targeted. The experiment, therefore, requires fast and radiation-hard detectors, self-triggered detector front-ends, free-streaming readout architecture, and online event reconstruction. The Silicon Tracking System (STS) is the main tracking detector of CBM, designed to reconstruct the trajectories of charged particles with efficiency larger than 95%, a relative momentum uncertainty better than 2% for particle momenta larger than 1 GeV/c inside a 1 Tm magnetic field, and to identify complex decay topologies. It comprises 876 double-sided silicon strip modules arranged in 8 tracking stations. A prototype of this detector, consisting of 12 modules arranged in three tracking stations, is installed in the mini-CBM demonstrator. This experimental setup is a small-scale precursor to the full CBM detector, composed of sub-units of all major CBM systems installed on the SIS18 beamline. In various beam campaigns taken between 2021 and 2024, heavy ion collisions at 1–2 AGeV with an average collision rate of 500 kHz have been recorded. This allows for the evaluation of the operational performance of the STS detector, including signal-to-noise ratio, charge distribution, time and position resolution, hit reconstruction efficiency, and its potential for track and vertex reconstruction.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated EquipmentVol. 1082
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE), Goethe University Frankfurt (DE), Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (IN), University of Bucharest (RO), GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (DE), Aligarh Muslim University (IN), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE), University of Münster (DE), Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (DE), University of Tübingen (DE)
Openalex Percentile: Top 87%
High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
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