Real-Time Mobile Monitoring of an IoT-Based MPPT Solar Charger Using Arduino UNO R4 WiFi and WebSocket Communication

This paper presents the design and experimental validation of a low-cost, IoT-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) solar charger featuring real-time mobile monitoring. The system integrates a Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm implemented on a 32-bit RA4M1 microcontroller with a 14-bit ADC, ensuring fast and accurate power tracking. A Wi-Fi-based WebSocket interface transmits system data—including voltage, current, power, and charging status—to a mobile application in real time. The MPPT charger was tested under two scenarios: a regulated DC power supply and a high-power photovoltaic (PV) panel under low-irradiance indoor conditions. The proposed system demonstrated a tracking efficiency exceeding 97%, while the mobile interface proved reliable and responsive. The key contribution of this work lies in its lightweight, reproducible architecture that combines high-precision analog sensing with real-time wireless feedback—making it suitable for educational, prototyping, and smart energy applications.