RES-Aware User Allocation Procedure in 5G Networks

This paper investigates the influence of employing diverse operating algorithms in Base Stations (BSs) to distribute network traffic. The study focuses on a wireless system where half of the BSs are powered by Renewable Energy Sources (RES) such as Photovoltaic Panels (PVPs) and Wind Turbines (WTs). The aim is to diminish the energy demand from conventional infrastructure reliant on Conventional Energy Sources (CES) like fossil fuels. The research evaluates the Energy Efficiency (EE) factors of the entire wireless system using two User Association (UA) approaches. The first approach, the RES-aware Association Algorithm (RAA), prioritizes connecting mobile users to <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">green</i> BSs. The second approach, the SNR-based (SNR – Signal-to-Noise Ratio) Association Algorithm (SAA), assigns users to BSs based on radio signal distribution. Results indicate a reduction in conventional energy usage and renewable energy loss, ultimately enhancing the EE of the examined Radio Access Network (RAN).