Hyperbaric Oxygen And SARS-CoV-2 : Polarization Of M1-M2 Macrophage In Cytokines Storm Reduction

COVID-19 pandemic has caused various global changes. Since the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the end of the Covid 19 health emergency on May 11 2023, this does not mean that COVID-19 has disappeared. COVID-19 remains a global health threat. There is no clear limit regarding when COVID-19 will end. The emergence of new variants and waves of infection remain to be watched. Even now, long Covid symptoms can be experienced by people who have had Covid-19 and have been declared cured. Various prevention and treatment efforts are still being carried out to reduce the risk of morbidity and death, especially in comorbid sufferers. This study was a literature review which collected articles from Google Scholar databases published from 2012 until 2020. Fourteen articles were collected, but only six articles were discussed because of their relevant topics. There is no specific treatment for COVID-19 to date. The very high mortality rate in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus (CoV)-2-related (SARS-CoV-2) patients is caused by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Cytokine storms cause high levels of inflammation so oxygen levels in the tissues are greatly decreased resulting in ARDS. Existing treatments have not given optimal results. Hyperbaric oxygen is expected to be an adjunctive therapy in preventing and reducing deaths from ARDS.