Labor: The Main Factors of Contemporary Modernization in the Russian Context

Based on the generalization of the theory and practice of labor relations, with spe­cial attention to the Russian historical context, the article identifies the main factors that most significantly affect the transformations in the world of work. Among them: theoretical and methodological, the goal-setting factor, the univer­sality of labor. The author believes that the most significant is the increase in the level of development of the productive forces, which crucially depend on the state of affairs in science, culture and education in society. The factor of le­gal determination has been specifically identified, which is relevant in the context of modern discussions by the scientific community on issues related to the Rus­sian Labor Code. The work also reflects labor transformations in various histori­cal epochs, especially in Soviet and Russian modernization attitudes. At the same time, based on Marxist theory and its interpretation of the labor theory of value, the most general prerequisites that predefine the determination of labor rela­tions are identified. Currently, during the change of socio-economic formations, the main modes of production, the problems of labor relations have become signi­ficantly relevant both in theory and in practice. In this regard, the article proves the need for socio-philosophical, theoretical and conceptual understanding and jus­tification in solving problems related to the improvement of material production in modern Russia. One of the key provisions of the article is the idea that solving problems in the field of labor determines the vector of socio-economic and human­itarian development of the country as a whole to the most significant extent.