Risk Management Analysis in Road Pavement Work in West Sumatra with the Flanagan and Norman Approach (1993)

Recurrent pavement failures in West Sumatra highlight the urgent need for integrated risk management in road projects. This study aims to identify significant risks, examine barriers to the implementation of mitigation strategies, and formulate an effective risk management approach based on the framework of Flanagan and Norman (1993). The research employed a literature review and in-depth interviews with 15 experts from academia, consultancy, and industry, combined with qualitative analysis using NVivo software and risk priority scoring. The findings indicate that economic risk (R4) ranks as the highest due to fluctuations in material prices, land acquisition challenges, and logistical constraints. The risk mapping suggests that a combination of risk reduction, risk transfer, risk retention, and risk avoidance strategies is required, depending on the characteristics of the risks. Barriers to implementation include delayed payments, weak stakeholder coordination, limited human resources, social resistance, logistical problems, and low compliance with occupational health and safety regulations. The analysis further demonstrates that the success of mitigation strategies is strongly influenced by the clarity of contractual clauses, financial discipline, institutional coordination, and consistency in field implementation. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of sustainable transportation policies and serve as a reference for all stakeholders involved in planning more resilient road projects.