From Print to Digital: A Historical-Political Economy Narrative of the Emergence and Adoption of ePapers in the Ugandan Press

In this article, we historicize the emergence and adoption of electronic newspapers (ePapers) in Uganda’s mediascape over the last three decades. Despite the extensive literature on Uganda’s media and its political economy entanglements, it is puzzling that little attention has been paid to the rise of ePapers—a surprising omission given the growing relevance of digital journalism, especially in the Global South. Adopting a Historical Political Economy perspective, we employ a qualitative approach involving key informant interviews to explore how economic pressures, political constraints, and technological change have steered Uganda’s transition to digital newspapers. We identify key institutional shifts and strategic innovations that have shaped the electronic adaptation of the ePaper model by Uganda’s print media. The findings present a media ecosystem undergoing political economy changes and socio-techno-structural transformations involving neoliberal economic reforms under Structural Adjustment Programmes, a de-regulated policy environment that allowed emergency of private media; the spread of the internet and mobile telephony during the 1990s; the rise of social media and digital accelerations in the 2000s; alternative revenue motivation due to declining print circulations; and the COVID-19 pandemic that hastened digital-first strategies. Beyond this historical narrative, we highlight multiple implications of this transition for press freedom, media sustainability and preservation, and mediated public discourse. We further offer pathways for further research across Africa and beyond