On the Questions of the Periodization of the Russian Philosophy of Language and Its National Characteristics

The article is an attempt to summarize and survey the historical development of the Russian phi­losophy of language, as well as to problematize the national peculiarities of this field of philoso­phical knowledge. The authors present the history of Russian philosophy of language as an evolu­tion of a kind of paradigms, identifying as such rationalistic, historical, psychological, formal, structural-systemic, ontological, social and anthropocentric paradigms, and also trace the close connection between the development and change of these paradigms with the social, cultural and historical challenges facing Russian society at different moments of its development. It is shown that the cultural and historical context was a source of fundamental methodological principles and intuitions for each paradigm. Russian language philosophy is characterized as an intellectual space with a pronounced duality that arises from close interaction with European culture and at the same time attentive attitude to its own cultural, historical and socio-political contexts, linguistic and cul­tural realities, the problem of religious/national identity: in other words, the Russian philosophy of language is structured by consistent attempts to combine national and universal. According to the authors, the close connection of the Russian philosophy of language with cultural and his­torical challenges led to special attention to applied aspects: each paradigm had a more or less pro­nounced pragmatic character.