Review on iron deficiency anaemia in chronic kidney disease patients; prevalence and consequences related to other co morbidity conditions

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is a common and significant complication in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), affecting up to 50–60% of individuals, especially in advanced stages. The presence of comorbidities such as Cardiac heart failure (CHF), Rheumotological diseases, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), Diabetes mellitus(DM) and cardiovascular disease(CVD) further compounds the burden of Iron deficiency anemia, both in terms of prevalence and clinical outcomes. Patients with CKD and diabetes are more prone to anemia due to heightened systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and autonomic neuropathy affecting gastrointestinal iron absorption. Similarly, cardiovascular disease is both a consequence and a driver of anemia, as Iron deficiency anemia contributes to increased cardiac workload, left ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure, while chronic heart conditions can suppress erythropoietin. The coexistence of Iron deficiency anemia with these comorbidities is associated with worsened quality of life, increased hospitalizations, accelerated CKD progression, and higher mortality rates.