Multifunctional Magnetic Liquid Metal Based on Ni@Ag Core–Shell Microspheres Prepared via Synergistic Effects

Abstract Based on the synergistic effects of solid–liquid interfacial dewetting, Marangoni effect, and minimum energy principle, a novel method for fabricating Ni@Ag core–shell microspheres is proposed. The composition and size of microspheres can be effectively controlled by adjusting the precursor and dispersant ratio, respectively. Due to the excellent mobility of spherical particles, uniform distribution of microspheres in the magnetic liquid metal (MLM) is achieved through simple stirring. The highly conductive Ag shell not only enhances the electrical conductivity of MLM, but also significantly suppresses the corrosion of the magnetic Ni core by liquid metal. Experimental results identify 15 wt.% as the optimal filling ratio, at which the MLM retains good fluidity and exhibits superior magnetic and electrical properties. The MLM can be magnetically patterned on 2D and 3D surfaces, transported through confined channels, and employed as electrodes for flexible and stretchable LED arrays. Furthermore, a single MLM droplet can function as a basic logic unit, and multiple droplets can be integrated to construct complex logic devices. This work offers valuable guidance for the design of multifunctional liquid metal.