Rocuronium-Induced Rhabdomyolysis: A Case Report and Literature Review

This case report explores the rare association between rocuronium, a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, and rhabdomyolysis, a serious condition characterized by muscle breakdown. We present a case of an elderly patient who developed rhabdomyolysis after receiving intravenous rocuronium for airway spasticity and analgesic sedation. The patient exhibited a significant increase in creatine kinase (CK) levels, consistent with the diagnostic criteria for rhabdomyolysis. Our analysis indicates that rocuronium may have contributed to the development of this condition, especially with prolonged use and suboptimal anesthetic management. We recommend limiting the maintenance dose of rocuronium and closely monitoring patients for signs of muscle injury or elevated CK levels during and after treatment. This case highlights the importance of careful assessment and monitoring when using rocuronium, particularly in vulnerable populations, to mitigate the risk of rhabdomyolysis and other adverse effects.