KAJIAN YURIDIS PENGATURAN PRAKTIK TELEMEDISIN TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN PASIEN DAN STANDAR KUALITAS LAYANAN DI INDONESIA

Telemedicine facilitates access to healthcare services, especially for communities in remote areas. Although regulated under several legal frameworks, including the Health Law No. 17 of 2023, the Personal Data Protection Law No. 27 of 2022, and Ministry of Health Regulation No. 20 of 2019, the current legal regime remains normatively incomplete. Notably, there are regulatory gaps concerning patient data protection, standards for remote medical services, and mechanisms for complaints and liability in cases of malpractice. This study aims to examine the legal regulation and protection of patients’ personal data in telemedicine services, and to assess the legal certainty and quality standards governing telemedicine practice. The research adopts a normative legal method with a statutory and conceptual approach. Legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources, analyzed through descriptive and content analysis techniques. The findings reveal that, although the Personal Data Protection Law is in effect, there is no specific regulation detailing the obligations of medical personnel or healthcare providers to maintain patient data confidentiality. Furthermore, there is an absence of clear procedures for patient complaints and liability. In conclusion, the lack of specific legal norms results in legal uncertainty in telemedicine practice, increases the risk of data breaches, and exposes patients to variable service quality due to the absence of operational standards and a dedicated code of ethics.