Biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of baghdadite, mineral trioxide aggregate, and their combination on human dental pulp stem cells: an in vitro study

INTRODUCTION. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are of interest in regenerative endodontics due to their multipotency. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is highly sought after due to its biocompatibility, but the limitations of long setting time and poor handling have created interest in newer products such as Baghdadite. To evaluate the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of Baghdadite, MTA, and their combination on DPSCs using MTT and Alizarin Red assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS. DPSCs were cultured and characterized by flow cytometry and CFU assays. Experimental groups (MTA, Baghdadite, MTA+Baghdadite) were exposed to cytotoxicity test (MTT assay) and mineralization test (Alizarin Red staining). RESULTS. Cell viability of all the groups was higher than control. Combination group showed maximum viability (mean OD: 0.4066) than Baghdadite (0.3975) and MTA (0.3563). Alizarin Red staining showed the maximum mineralization in combination group (mean OD: 1.7069) than MTA (0.5788) and Baghdadite (0.4020). CONCLUSIONS. The association of MTA and Baghdadite showed improved biocompatibility and osteogenic ability, which is promising for application as a pulp-capping agent in regenerative endodontics.