The autonomy of science in a globalised world

The aim of the study was to identify the characteristics of scientific autonomy in a globalised society using various models of scientific management as examples. The methodology included the use of abstraction, analysis, synthesis and formalisation methods to compare systems for ensuring the autonomy of science in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, India, Indonesia, South Africa, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The study found that in countries with developed science (the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom), scientific autonomy was achieved through the legally enshrined institutional independence of scientific organisations, stable funding, and self-regulation mechanisms through scientific councils and independent expert agencies. In developing countries (India, Indonesia, South Africa), autonomy was limited by dependence on state funding and the politicised appointment of heads of scientific institutions. In post-Soviet countries (Ukraine, Kazakhstan), a transitional state is observed: formally, autonomy was declared in laws, but in practice, scientific institutions significantly depend on the decisions of ministries, have limited access to alternative sources of funding, and have poorly developed self-regulation mechanisms. It has been found that the autonomy of science is not only an indicator of the democratic nature of the management system, but also an important condition for the effectiveness of scientific activity, international cooperation and the country’s competitiveness in the global scientific space. A study of official documents and scientometric data showed that the level of autonomy directly correlates with the number of publications, the attraction of international grants, and resistance to political fluctuations. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of a typology of scientific management models that can serve as a basis for reforms in the field of science aimed at strengthening institutional autonomy, improving the quality of research and expanding international scientific integration