Extraction, identification and component analysis of exosome-like nanovesicles in <i>Anoectochilus roxburghii</i> (Wall.) Lindl.

<i>A. roxburghii</i> contains exosome-like nanovesicles, which are rich in active flavonoid ingredients. These active ingredients are more abundant in ARENVs derived from soil-cultured <i>A. roxburghii</i> than hydroponic counterparts. The findings may provide an innovative theoretical basis for further exploration of the medicinal value of <i>A. roxburghii.</i>