Built-Up Land Change and Spatial Population Distribution in Madiun City

Population growth exerts pressure on the development of settlements and public facilities. The increasing demand for settlement and infrastructure due to the urban population led to a fierce land transformation into built-up areas. Madiun City is one of the municipalities in East Java with a raised population every ten years of population census. As the center of development, Madiun City plays a role in encouraging growth in the western area of East Java. This rapid development needs to be well monitored and mapped to prevent the emergence of various urban problems. The study aims to provide information about built-up land changes and population distribution in Madiun City. This study used Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing data to identify changes in the built-up land from 2000 to 2020. The total built-up land in 2000 was around 36%, increasing to 58% in 2020. The southern and northern areas of Madiun City experienced the most significant changes. The development of built-up land moving away from the center and into the outskirts of a city. Population census data and the processed satellite data into a built-up map were combined to see the population distribution with the grid. The grid cells with high populations are in settlement areas and close to shopping centers, education facilities, health facilities, offices, and service facilities. This study provides a practical and effective way to map built-up expansion and population distribution. The results showed that the analysis of changing urban land use is adequate for understanding the urban population distribution density. Considering these changes and distribution is significant for managing urban growth. In addition, this method is essential for the government to formulate population policies to optimize spatial distribution for access to medical care, schools, markets, and transportation.