Nutritional Significance and Health-Promoting Potential of Solanaceae Family Vegetables: A Comparative Review in Asia and Europe

The Solanaceae family encompasses several globally significant vegetables—tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), eggplant (Solanum melongena), and chili pepper (Capsicum annuum)—which collectively provide macronutrients, micronutrients and bioactive phytochemicals fundamental to human diets. This review synthesizes contemporary literature on the compositional profiles, bioavailability, health outcomes, and regional production–consumption patterns of these vegetables, with a focused comparison between Asia and Europe. We integrate agronomic, nutritional, processing, and public-health perspectives and provide practical recommendations for research, breeding, processing and policy to maximize nutritional benefits across different food systems.