Compact and Switchable Printed Antenna Covering mm-wave for 5G system.

In recent years, there has been a growing demand for reconfigurable antennas in 5G (mm-wave band) applications. These antennas are designed to adapt and adjust their radiation patterns, polarization, or operating frequencies to meet the various requirements of 5G application. The main advantage of reconfigurable antennas is their ability to avoid noisy environments and direct the signal towards the intended user. Given the rapid growth of wireless communication, particularly in the context of 5G technology, researchers are handled with the task of developing an antenna that is smaller in size, but capable of providing a wider bandwidth and higher gain. This study constructs a compact-frequency reconfigurable antenna with three PIN diodes to operate in the millimetre-wave frequency range for use in 5G communication systems. We designed the suggested antenna using a Roger RT 5880 substrate, which has a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.8 mm. This antenna covers a dual band of frequencies (25.3, 26.1, 28.2, 29, 45.6, 56.5) GHz by simply switching the diodes ON/OFF. The total dimension of the antenna is 8 × 8 × 0.8 mm³. This antenna is not only compact, but it also offers a great gain that varies from 3.61 to 6.34 dB, as well as 97% efficiency, bandwidth 14.9 GHz in the 5G bands. It was simulated using CST 2018 software package.