Macroeconomic policy of the state: theoretical and practical aspects

Relevance . The macroeconomic policy of the state plays a key role in regulating the economy, ensuring stability and creating conditions for sustainable growth. In modern conditions of globalization and instability, state adaptation mechanisms are becoming especially important. This article examines the main theoretical aspects of the macroeconomic policy of the state, including classical, Keynesian and Monetarist theories, analyzing the key tools, goals and challenges faced by modern states. The purpose is to consider the theoretical foundations of macroeconomic policy, analyze its impact on the economic development of the country, as well as to study modern challenges and methods of overcoming them. The objectives of the research are related to the analysis of the use of macroeconomic approaches in public production, the definition of the role of state macroeconomic policy in modern economic theory, including in times of crisis, the presentation of comparative characteristics of theoretical approaches to macroeconomic policy, as well as the justification of the practice of applying macroeconomic theory in the economies of various states. Methodology . The use of methods and sources allows us to formulate hypotheses and concepts based on a theoretical understanding of the data, comprehensively assess the dynamics of key macroeconomic indicators, and identify sustainable patterns of the Russian economy in a changing global economic environment. The results. The literature review examines the works of Adam Smith, John Maynard Keynes, Milton Friedman, and modern Nobel Prize laureates. Special attention is paid to the impact of macroeconomic policy on the Russian economy in the context of global challenges. Conclusions . The results of the conducted research allow us to state that in real practice, the state rarely follows one macroeconomic theory, which allows it to combine them depending on economic challenges. When regulating the macroeconomic crisis, the state faces an objective need to develop fundamentally new monetary policy instruments that are adequate to external challenges and threats.