ROSA LUXEMBURGO, NOSSA CONTEMPORÂNEA

This article examines Rosa Luxemburg’s main contributions to Marxist economic thought, focusing on three key works: The Industrial Development of Poland (doctoral thesis), Introduction to Political Economy, and The Accumulation of Capital. Across these writings, Luxemburg develops an original critique of capitalism’s internal limitations and its permanent need for expansion, emphasizing the role of violence, imperialism, and the integration of non-capitalist economies in the accumulation process. Her insights foreshadow structural contradictions in contemporary capitalist globalization. The final section argues that Luxemburg’s formulations remain highly relevant for understanding recent trends in Brazilian capitalism, particularly financialization, the destruction of non-capitalist social forms, and the deepening of external dependency.