CORONECTOMIA EM TERCEIROS MOLARES: INDICAÇÕES E CONTRAINDICAÇÕES – REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

ABSTRACT Surgery for impacted mandibular third molars is one of the most common interventions and is associated with the risk of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury. Coronectomy emerges as a conservative alternative, consisting of removing the tooth crown while preserving the root fragments, with the aim of reducing neurosensory complications. This technique has been increasingly studied due to its ability to minimize iatrogenic injuries, especially in cases where radiographic proximity between the root and mandibular canal indicates a high risk. The objective of this article is to review the recent literature on coronectomy, highlighting its indications, contraindications, clinical outcomes, and main complications, as well as to evaluate evidence related to root migration, infection, fragment exposure, and the need for reintervention. In this study, it was observed that coronectomy has a lower incidence of paresthesia compared to complete extraction, with factors such as age, bone density, and surgeon experience determining the success of the procedure. Standardized surgical protocols, clinical and radiographic monitoring, and the use of cone-beam computed tomography increase the safety and predictability of results. Despite possible complications, the technique demonstrates significant benefits for the patient’s quality of life and neurosensory function. The conclusion indicates that coronectomy is a safe and effective option for selected cases, provided it is performed with adequate planning, strict indication criteria, and systematic follow-up, constituting a conservative and evidence-based approach for preserving the IAN. Keywords: Coronectomy; third molar; nerves; injury; third molar surgery; postoperative complications.