A Review of the Environmental Impacts of Post-Consumer Electronic Cigarette Waste and Disposal

Previous reviews on e-cigarette waste and disposal have primarily called attention to gaps in research, offering limited insight into the full scope of its environmental harm. This review offers the most thorough synthesis to date, detailing how e-cigarettes pose risks to ecosystems due to their chemical, metallic, and electrical components. Findings from this review underscore the need for urgent regulatory guidelines on disposal and recycling, enhanced public awareness, and manufacturer accountability to mitigate the environmental impact of post-consumer e-cigarette waste.