Drug-induced nephrotoxicity and its reversal using botanicals of traditional Indian medicine in different animal models: way forward

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) pose significant global health challenges, often worsened by the use of certain therapeutic agents and exposure to environmental toxins. This review aims to explore the nephroprotective role of botanicals, specifically focusing on the damage to kidneys caused by prolonged use of modern medicines and environmental toxicants. Main body of the abstract This review provides a detailed overview of Traditional Indian Medicinal Plants (TIMP), highlighting their botanical components and the potential mechanisms through which they offer nephroprotection in cases of chronic kidney disease. The analysis includes existing research studies on the nephroprotective effects of these plants, particularly in the context of both acute and chronic kidney diseases. Findings suggest that botanicals derived from TIMP hold promising potential for developing nephroprotective therapies. Short conclusion Research has shown that TIMP can effectively reduce kidney damage induced by various nephrotoxic agents, as evidenced by studies on animal models. Some of the TIMP with notable potential for treating chronic kidney disease include Camelia sinensis (L.), Nigella sativa (L.), Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.), Daucus carota (L.), Foeniculum vulgare (L.), Glycyrrhiza glabra (L.), and Cucumis sativus (L.). Graphical abstract