Suicidal Ideations: Prevalence and Risk Factors during Pregnancy in Windhoek/ Namibia

Background: Suicidal ideation indicates a significant risk of suicide, a leading cause of death during pregnancy. A research gap exists concerning suicidal ideation among pregnant women, especially in low- and middle-income countries like Namibia. This underscores the importance of identifying risk factors for policy development. Aim: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its associated risk factors during pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 202 women aged 16-41 (mean age=28.51 years). The study used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), focusing on question 10 to assess suicidal thoughts, the Antenatal Risk Questionnaire (ANRQ), and a sociodemographic survey. Data were analysed using SPSS software. Bivariate analysis and cross-tabulation were used to examine links between suicidal ideation and risk factors. Findings: Results indicate that 21.8% of the pregnant women experienced suicidal ideation, which was closely associated with antenatal depression (62.4%). Risk factors for suicidal ideation included sociodemographic factors such as marital status (Cramér’s V=0.193, p=0.023). Additional risk factors included gender-based violence, job loss, bereavement, lack of partner support, and pregnancy denial. Conclusion: The findings highlight the urgent need to integrate mental health screening into routine antenatal care. Addressing perinatal depression and its risk factors could help reduce suicidal ideation and improve maternal well-being. Future research should investigate the impact of suicidal ideation on birth outcomes and postpartum depression.