Comparative Hematological Profiles of Women with and Without Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study

<i>Background: </i>Uterine leiomyomas, the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age, are frequently associated with hematological changes due to abnormal uterine bleeding and related mechanisms. Data on how these changes vary with sociodemographic factors remain limited. <i>Aim: </i>This study assessed hematological profiles in women with leiomyomas compared with controls and examined variations by parity, marital status, age, and ethnicity. <i>Methods: </i>A comparative case-control study was conducted among women with leiomyomas and age-matched controls. Hematological indices were analyzed using standard hematology analyzers, and data were compared using statistical tests with significance set at P < 0.05. <i>Results: </i>Women with leiomyomas had significantly lower mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and eosinophils, while basophils and platelets were significantly elevated (P < 0.05). Nulliparous women showed higher platelet counts than multiparous women. Single women had lower hemoglobin and higher platelets compared with married women. Women aged 41–45 years showed reduced monocyte levels. Ethnic differences were noted, with higher WBC in Isoko women, higher basophils in Ijaws, increased MCH in Igbos, and lower MCHC in Itsekiris. <i>Conclusion: </i>Leiomyomas are linked with anemia-related changes and elevated platelets, with variations across demographic factors. Routine hematological monitoring is essential for tailored management in affected women.