Quantitative Characteristics of Rice Grain QualityTraits and Genetic Parameters in Some Hybridand Inbred Rice Genotypes

Rice grain quality characteristics are crucial in modern breeding programs.This study evaluated eight rice genotypes from Japonica, Indica, Indica-Japonica varieties, and hybrids.Additionally, the characteristics of paddy and milled grains, the correlation between these characteristics, and the degree of similarity between the genotypes under study were also included.ANOVA showed significant differences (p < 0.01) among all genotypes.Indica types had larger grain shapes compared to Japonica, which yielded higher total white rice and milling percentages but lower amylose percentages.The phenotypic coefficient of variation exceeded the genotypic coefficient for all traits.Heritability estimates ranged from 29.88% for breakage in white rice to 98.45% for elongation.Significant positive correlations were noted among traits like paddy grain shape and amylose percentage, while negative correlations existed between paddy grain width and several other traits.Principal component analysis identified eight grain traits with a total variance of 99.55% in grain quality.Cluster analysis grouped the studied genotypes into two groups: the first group included the two Indica hybrids (Hybrid 27P31 and Hybrid 28P67), while the second group included the remaining genotypes divided into two sub-groups.The Japonica types (Sakha101, Sakha108, Sakha104, and Giza177) were closely clustered in one sub-group, while the last sub-group included the Giza182 variety of Indica type and Egyptian hybrid1, which is an Indica-Japonica type.