Multidimensional Evaluation of Underground Water Quality in Rooma, Kanpur, U.P., India: A Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Approach

This study aims to assess the underground water quality of Rooma, an industrial and semi-urban area in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. With the growing urbanization and industrial activities, concerns about groundwater pollution have increased. The research focuses on key physical and chemical parameters, including pH, alkalinity, total hardness, fluoride, iron, and arsenic, to understand the current status of water quality. Biological indicators were also considered to provide a more complete picture of water safety. Samples were collected from various hand pumps, submersibles, and bore wells across the area. Laboratory analysis revealed that while some parameters were within permissible limits, others—especially potassium, magnesium, Total hardness, and arsenic—exceeded safe levels in most of the months recommended by the BIS and WHO. As well as the presence of microbes in terms of Total bacterial count and total Yeast count also indicated the health hazards among human beings. The findings suggest a potential risk to public health and the urgent need for regular monitoring and treatment of groundwater in the region.