Urban mobility as cultural heritage: exploring the tourist experience of the Lisbon's iconic tram Elétrico 28

Urban mobility systems have increasingly assumed a role that goes beyond their mere transport function, and are starting to emerge as immersive cultural experiences potentially influencing the image of tourist destinations. This research analyses Lisbon's Elétrico 28 (a tram identified with number 28) as an urban symbol that encompasses mobility, heritage and tourism, in order to explore how the travelling experience influences visitors' perception of the city. A total of 508 tourists participated in this study, taking part in a questionnaire survey designed to measure constructs such as nostalgia, urban exploration and destination image. Using structural equation modelling and sequential mediation analysis, the results revealed that Elétrico 28 represents heritage in motion. A trip on this tram is recognized as a nostalgic experience, as it awakens memories and promotes meaningful interactions with the urban landscape, which contributes to a stronger positive image of Lisbon as a tourist destination. The findings highlight the role of heritage transport in urban tourism and offer relevant contributions to both destination marketing and the promotion of sustainable tourism practices.