Chemistry of coins

The study examines the chemical composition and structure of ancient coins, the technologies used for their minting, and the processes of aging and corrosion. Various metals and their characteristics affecting the durability and appearance of coins are presented. The role of patina as a protective layer is explained and methods for chemical cleaning are discussed. Special attention is given to techniques for determining the authenticity of coins through chemical and physical analyses. The aim is to create an idea of the interaction between chemical elements and cultural heritage, to analyze the factors that influence the condition of coins over time, to explore the possibilities for chemical cleaning and determining their authenticity, and to stimulate students’ interest in applied chemistry.