Reconstructing Mining Licensing Policy with an Emphasis on Water Resource Protection: A Case Study of PDAM Water Pollution in Bangka Regency

This study aims to examine the legal framework of mining licensing in relation to water resource protection and to analyze the urgency of reconstructing licensing policies to prevent water pollution, particularly in Bangka Regency. The issue of water pollution affecting the quality of PDAM services in this region reflects the weak integration between mining regulations and environmental protection, especially concerning water resources. This research employs both normative and empirical juridical approaches, by reviewing laws and regulations such as Law No. 3 of 2020 on Mineral and Coal Mining, Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, and Law No. 17 of 2019 on Water Resources. In addition, field data were collected through a case study on water pollution in Bangka Regency. The findings indicate that despite the existence of relevant regulations, their implementation and oversight remain ineffective, particularly in terms of synergy between mining management agencies and environmental protection bodies. Therefore, the reconstruction of mining licensing policies that are more responsive to water resource sustainability is imperative. This study recommends the integration of water protection aspects into the licensing system, stricter supervision, and the strengthening of administrative sanctions.