A cross-sectional study on determinant factors of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women  in disaster-prone areas: A case study at Talise Community Health Center, Palu City.

Introduction: Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women is a major nutritional issue, especially in disaster-prone areas where food security and healthcare access are limited. In Palu City, Central Sulawesi, the prevalence of CED remains high, contributing to poor maternal and fetal outcomes. Aim: This study aimed to examine the determinants of CED among pregnant women in the working area of Talise Community Health Center, a disaster-affected region in Palu. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to November 2024 with 258 pregnant women selected through accidental sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, 2x24-hour dietary recalls, and MUAC measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi square test with a 95% confidence interval. Results: CED prevalence was 28.1%. Significant associations were found between CED and maternal age (p = 0,046), short interpregnancy interval (p = 0,005), low education (p = 0,005), poor family support (p<0,001), limited healthcare access (p = 0,014), unhealthy lifestyle practices (p = 0,004), and poor maternal knowledge (p<0,001). Macronutrient intake (energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate) and vitamin A adequacy were also significantly associated with CED (p<0,001). However, folic acid and calcium intake showed no significant relationship. In addition, unhealthy eating habits, food insecurity, and low household income were strongly linked to CED (p<0,001). Conclusion: CED among pregnant women in disasterprone areas is influenced by various sociodemographic, behavioral, and nutritional factors. Improving education, dietary intake, family and health service support are essential strategies to address CED in vulnerable populations.