Green Synthesis of Robust Metal-Organic Frameworks: A Sustainable Approach for Advanced Applications

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as versatile materials with applications in gas separation, catalysis, and energy storage due to their high porosity and tunable structures. However, traditional synthesis methods often involve toxic solvents and high energy inputs, limiting scalability and environmental sustainability. This review explores green synthesis strategies for robust MOFs, focusing on water-based hydrothermal and ambient temperature approaches that enhance stability and performance. Key examples include aluminum-based MOFs for water adsorption and zirconium-based frameworks for gas purification, demonstrating high yields, stability in harsh conditions, and efficient applications in heat allocation and ethylene separation. These methods align with the principles of sustainable chemistry, paving the way for their industrial adoption.