Cytotoxicity Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Bio-inspired Fe1-2xMgxCox Nanoparticles by Psidium guajava Plant Extract

An eco-friendly method was adopted using Psidium guajava plant leaves extract to synthesize Fe1-2xMgxCox nanoparticles. High crystallinity, spherical shape, functional groups, Fe content, and the stability of nanoparticles were confirmed through characterization techniques such as XRD, FESEM-EDS, UV-visible, FTIR, FT-Raman, and Zeta potential. Furthermore, the Fe1-2xMgxCox nanoparticles were tested for biomedical applications. Antibacterial assays demonstrated enhanced activity against Listeria monocytogenes (Gram-positive) compared to Serratia marcescens (Gram-negative), attributed to differences in cell wall structure. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed that the synthesized Fe₁₋₂ₓMgₓCoₓ nanoparticles induced a higher inhibitory effect on HeLa cells than on MCF-7 cells, confirming their potential anticancer efficacy. The synergistic combination of Fe, Mg, and Co ions significantly improved biological functionality, while P. guajava phytochemicals provided eco-friendly synthesis and surface stabilization. These findings highlight the potential of P. guajava-mediated Fe₁₋₂ₓMgₓCoₓ nanoparticles as multifunctional agents for antibacterial and anticancer applications.which showed a satisfactory result for both antibacterial and cytotoxicity studies, in which nanoparticles showed a greater efficacy for MCF-7 cells than HeLa cells. Also, it didn't affect the normal cells, giving the evidence that Fe1-2xMgxCox nanoparticles can act as a potent bio-interface in the medical field.