Lipase Immobilized on Organogel–Hydrogel Hybrid Gels Constructed through “Two-Step” and “One-Step” Fabrication Methods

This study fabricated “two-step” and “one-step” hybrid gels as lipase catalytic matrices to overcome the limitations of conventional emulsion and immobilization methods. The hybrid gels, composed of interpenetrating hydrogel and organogel networks, exhibited an oil–water amphiphilicity and unique microstructures. Key findings showed that the one-step hybrid gels enhanced lipase activity by up to 14-fold, while the two-step gels achieved a 6-fold increase compared to the control groups (optimal organogel–hydrogel ratio). The gels demonstrated remarkable stability under extreme temperatures and pH conditions, with the two-step gels retaining 53.2% lipase activity after six cycles. Adjusting the organogel–hydrogel ratio optimized catalytic efficiency, and ultrasound-assisted cross-linking improved the uniformity and activity of the one-step hybrid gel (638.51%). These hybrid gels provided a three-dimensional interfacial environment that enhanced substrate-lipase interactions, offering advantages in reusability, efficiency, and environmental adaptability. This work presents a promising strategy for designing advanced biocatalysts for industrial applications.