Effects of varying biochar application rates on the biological properties of sandy loam soil

This study investigates the impact of varying biochar application rates on the biological properties of sandy loam soil, with a particular focus on its impact on soil health, microbial activity, and enzyme functions in agricultural applications. Biochar analyses indicate a high carbon content (65.83% fixed carbon and 79.38% total carbon), low O/C (0.14) and H/C (0.69) ratios, and alkaline characteristics (pH 8.28), implying possible advantages for soil carbon sequestration, fertility, and structure. Moreover, biochar exhibits low electrical conductivity (1.15 dS/m) and can enhance pH levels, mitigating soil salinity risk. Toxicant investigation revealed no detectable hazardous substances, affirming its environmental safety. The utilization of biochar markedly affected soil enzymatic activities, including dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase, signifying increased soil microbial activity and improved phosphorus cycling. Biochar positively influenced soil microbial biomass carbon and augmented the microbial population, encompassing bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete counts. Statistical study validated the substantial impacts of various biochar dosages on soil biological characteristics. This study highlights the efficacy of biochar as a sustainable soil amendment for enhancing soil health, microbial activity, and long-term carbon sequestration.