Potential of Cenozoic Basalts in Central Vietnam For Long - Term C O 2 Sequestration

Cenozoic basalts of Central Vietnam represent a promising geological setting for carbon capture and storage (CCS) through mineral carbonation. In this study, the Cenozoic basalts in Central Vietnam are investigated to estimate their potential for long - term CO₂ sequestration. F ormed during the complex tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia associated with Indo - Australian and Eurasian plate convergence and the opening of the East Sea, these volcanic fields cover approximately 20,000 – 23,000 km² with individual f lows reaching thicknesses of 300 – 600 m. Major basaltic plateaus, including Pleiku, Buon Ma Thuot, Kon Plong, Da Lat, and Xuan Loc are composed mainly of tholeiitic and alkaline basalts rich in olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase. These minerals supply dival ent cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺) that are highly reactive with CO₂, favoring long - term storage through mineral carbonation. Structural features such as fractures, vesicular zones, and columnar jointing enhance porosity and permeability, while weathered horiz ons and lateritic interbeds provide natural seals. Hydrogeological conditions include both confined and unconfined aquifers that must be carefully managed to ensure safe injection and containment. CO₂ sequestration mechanisms involve initial physical trapp ing followed by permanent geochemical fixation as stable carbonates. Lessons from global projects, such as CarbFix in Iceland and Wallula in the United States, highlight the feasibility of basalt - based CCS. With suitable geological conditions, proximity to major CO₂ sources, and integration into national climate policy, Central Vietnam’s basalts offer significant potential to contribute to Vietnam’s net - zero emission goals by 2050.