Exploring opportunities for Smallholder Saline Farmers: A Case of Moringa Value Chain in South Punjab, Pakistan

Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a salinity-resistant tree known for its high nutritional and medicinal value. In recent years, interest in Moringa has grown as a cash crop in developing countries due to its potential to address food insecurity, malnutrition, and poverty. However, development of Moringa value chains faces significant challenges, including accessing quality seeds, processing skills, pest and fungal issues, and market access barriers. This study uses a mixed-methods approach, combining stakeholder interviews based on participatory co-inquiry and co-research process, to identify key activities and challenges in Pakistan's Moringa value chain. These findings underscore the critical need for improved hygiene management and the establishment of formal value chains to unlock Moringa's economic potential for smallholders. Despite these, study identifies significant opportunities for value-added products, e-commerce integration, and value chain development through improved processing techniques and establishing robust downstream market linkages that led to improved farmer returns. Leveraging the community's indigenous knowledge about Moringa's benefits proved instrumental in encouraging the development of value-added products. Assessment of consumer preferences and concerns revealed a need for better quality control measures to meet market needs. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of both forward and backward market linkages to promote sustainable development, ultimately improving livelihoods of smallholder farmers, and maximizing economic potential. The findings conclude that although enormous potential exists for moringa based products, the gaps in communication among actors and lack of awareness among local consumers hinder the sector growth. Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Value chain, Market access, Smallholder farmers, Co-inquiry.