Evaluation of Diuretic and Antibacterial Activities of Tribulus terrestris Ethanolic Extract

Background: Renal disorders like urinary tract infections and imbalances in body fluids and electrolytes still create significant health and economic challenges, particularly in areas with fewer resources. Objective: This study aimed to assess the diuretic and antibacterial effects of the ethanol extract of Tribulus terrestris (EETT) through both in vivo and in vitro experimental approaches. Methods: The diuretic activities of ethanol extract of Tribulus terrestris (EETT) were evaluated in rodent models, while its antibacterial potential was investigated in vitro. Diuretic activity was assessed in rats by measuring urine output and electrolyte excretion (sodium, potassium, and chloride) following administration of EETT at the different doses; furosemide served as the reference diuretic. Antibacterial activity was tested in vitro using the disc diffusion technique on four bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results: EETT produced a dose-dependent diuretic effect, with the highest dose (450 mg/kg) significantly increasing urine output (p < 0.05) and sodium excretion (p < 0.01) to levels comparable with furosemide. Potassium excretion also rose significantly, whereas chloride excretion decreased at higher doses, suggesting a possible chloride-sparing mechanism. Antibacterial testing revealed moderate inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (15 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23 mm), while Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited no detectable susceptibility under current testing conditions. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Tribulus terrestris showed dose-dependent diuretic effects and moderate antibacterial activity. These findings support further research, including clinical studies, to explore its potential as a complementary treatment for kidney-related disorders.