ANÁLISE DOS EFEITOS DE EXERCÍCIOS EM CADEIA CINÉTICA ABERTA E FECHADA NA RECUPERAÇÃO DE LESÕES EM LCA – UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is common in sports that require quick changes of direction, jumps, and impacts, being more prevalent in male athletes. The ACL is responsible for approximately 85% of the restraint of anterior tibial translation relative to the femur, as well as stabilizing knee rotation. Its rupture generally occurs due to excessive valgus mechanisms, knee rotation with the foot fixed, or direct trauma to the lateral side of the knee. Treatment can be surgical, using grafts from the patellar tendon or hamstrings, or conservative, indicated in partial injuries. Post-surgical rehabilitation aims to reduce inflammation, preserve range of motion (ROM), maintain balance, proprioception, and prevent muscle hypotrophy. This study, a bibliographic review based on the PICO method, aims to compare the effects of open kinetic chain (OKC) and closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises in the rehabilitation of athletes with ACL injuries. Preliminary results indicate that CKC exercises provide less joint stress and greater muscle activation, promoting proprioception, balance, and a safer return to activities. OKC exercises, although posing a risk of overload if used too early, are effective in the intermediate and final phases for specific strengthening, ROM gains, and motor control. The study advocates the progressive integration of both approaches, respecting tissue healing phases and sports demands, providing efficient, functional, and safe rehabilitation. It also emphasizes the importance of individualizing protocols according to the athlete’s profile.