SILENT KILLERS: THE RISE OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED PATHOGENS IN THE AGE OF DARK BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL LEGAL ARENA

Dark biotechnology comprises a range of scientific and technological developments arising from the intersection of biotechnology and illicit activities including genetic engineering, bioterrorism and bio warfare. Biotechnology is the application of biological systems and organisms to develop products and processes that can boost human welfare, comprising various fields such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental management[1]. Having said that, with its dual-use nature, these advancements can also be misappropriated for malicious purposes. Genetic engineering is a crucial aspect of biotechnology that involves the manipulation of an organism's DNA to produce desired traits or characteristics. This process has transformative applications, permitting the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that can provide higher yields in agriculture and therapeutic proteins in medicine. Having said that, the potential for misuse arises when these techniques are applied in ways that endanger public safety or health. Historical cases of such misuse include the weaponization of pathogens for bioterrorism, which can lead to catastrophic impacts on population and economy.