Expression profiling and bioinformatics of replication associated genes (MCM3 and MCM4) in colorectal cancer patients

Background: Mini-Chromosome Maintenance (MCM) genes encode proteins that are crucial for DNA replication in cells. These genes are often associated with the pathogenesis of cancer. Identification of their expression levels and physiological importance in cells is crucial for their potential utilization in cancer prognosis and treatment. Two members of the MCM gene family (MCM3 and MCM4) were targeted in this study, with a particular focus on colorectal cancer. Methods: Clinical tissue samples were obtained from colorectal cancer patients representing various disease stages. Expression profiling at the mRNA level was conducted using real-time PCR, and analysis was done via the Livak (2⁻ΔΔCt) method. STRING software was used to identify protein–protein interactions along with key biological processes and molecular functions associated with the two genes. Results: Distinct expression levels were observed for the two genes when healthy controls were compared with colorectal cancer patients. Overall, there was marked upregulation of the MCM3 gene in all four stages of colorectal cancer. Similarly, moderate upregulation of the MCM4 gene was observed in the patients. Bioinformatic analysis revealed important protein interactors for both genes, while key biological and molecular features such as DNA replication, helicase activity, double strand break repair, and regulation of replication were associated with them. Conclusion: The higher expression of MCM3 and MCM4, along with their crucial roles in cellular replication, makes them valuable targets for understanding colorectal cancer progression and potential therapeutic intervention.