Bimetallic Mn‐MIL‐53(Fe) Metal–Organic Framework Photo‐Fenton Catalyst for Elimination of Crystal Violet in Aqueous Solution

ABSTRACT Bimetallic Mn‐doped MIL‐53(Fe) metal–organic framework (MOF) has been developed to remove crystal violet (CV) efficiently from wastewater through the photo‐Fenton process. The key innovation of the work lies in enhanced visible light activity, lesser H 2 O 2 oxidant content, and faster removal with less sludge generation. Comprehensive characterizations revealed a lower bandgap and rapid charge separation, which reflected on the improvement of the performance of the photocatalyst. The bimetallic MOF achieved 99.01% removal of CV under the visible 100 W Xe light source with six times faster rate than the pristine MIL‐53(Fe) and also 82.42% CV removal under irradiation of sunlight in 60 min at optimized conditions of 20.0 ppm dye concentration, 444 ppm H 2 O 2 concentration, and 1.0 g/L catalyst loading. The composite maintained good recyclability up to five consecutive cycles with a removal of 78.89% CV. The treated effluent exhibited lower toxicity in seed germination tests, demonstrating the potentiality of Mn‐doped MIL‐53(Fe) as a stable and efficient catalyst for wastewater treatment.