Clinical Management and Pharmacological Support in Surgical Extraction of Unerupted Teeth: An Updated Review for Dentists, Pharmacists, Laboratory Workers.

Background: The extraction of unerupted and impacted teeth is a common yet complex surgical procedure in dentistry. These teeth, which fail to erupt into the dental arch, can lead to pathologies such as cysts, infections, and damage to adjacent structures, necessitating careful surgical management. Aim: This review aims to provide an updated, comprehensive guide for dental professionals on the clinical management and pharmacological support for the surgical extraction of unerupted teeth, emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach to optimize patient outcomes. Methods: The article synthesizes current evidence on diagnosis, classification (utilizing systems like Pell and Gregory and Winter), and surgical techniques. It details the roles of pre-operative assessment, including advanced imaging like Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) for risk stratification, and outlines the step-by-step surgical protocol from flap design to socket management. Results: Successful outcomes depend on meticulous planning and execution. Key findings highlight the importance of CBCT in assessing proximity to neurovascular bundles, the efficacy of techniques like tooth sectioning and coronectomy in reducing complications, and the critical need for tailored pharmacological management for pain, infection, and bleeding control. Complications such as alveolar osteitis, nerve injury, and oroantral communication are discussed with evidence-based prevention and management strategies. Conclusion: The surgical extraction of unerupted teeth requires a systematic, team-based approach. Integrating precise surgical techniques with appropriate pharmacological support and interdisciplinary collaboration among dentists, pharmacists, and laboratory workers is essential for minimizing risks and ensuring patient safety and effective recovery.