Living with Type II Diabetes and Mental Health in Pakistan: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

In the Pakistani cultural context, Type II Diabetes is an increasing issue that poses a significant risk to mental health. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences and expressions of individuals recently diagnosed (6 months to 2 years) with Type II diabetes and their mental health issues, with a focus on providing counseling and early intervention. A non-probability, purposive sampling strategy was used to select the sample. Interpretative phenomenological analysis of semi-structured interviews with 15 individuals (eight men and seven women), recently diagnosed (6 months to 2 years) with Type II diabetes, aged 35-65 years, from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds was done. The superordinate themes of the emotional burden of diabetes, cultural influences on the diabetes experience, impact on mental health and well-being, coping mechanisms, and resilience were identified. The subordinate themes consisted of shame and guilt, stigma and social isolation, anxiety and fear, cultural beliefs and values, family and social support, healthcare system and provider interactions, depression and low mood, anxiety, stress and resilience, positive coping strategies, maladaptive coping strategies, and resilience. This study highlights the need for culturally sensitive diabetes care and awareness programs that address the unique emotional, social, and cultural needs of individuals with Type II diabetes in Pakistan. Healthcare providers should be aware of the cultural influences and emotional burden associated with diabetes, and provide supportive and non-judgmental care to their patients.